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Class overview | |
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Name: | Kora class |
Builders: | GRSE |
Operators: | Indian Navy National Coast Guard of Mauritius |
Preceded by: | Khukri class |
Succeeded by: | Kamorta class |
Cost: | ₹2.4 billion (US$35 million) |
Completed: | 5 |
Active: | 5 |
General characteristics [1] | |
Type: | Guided missile corvette |
Displacement: | 1,460 short tons (1,320 t) (full load) |
Length: | 91.1 m (299 ft) |
Beam: | 10.5 m (34 ft) |
Draught: | 4.5 m (15 ft) |
Propulsion: | 2 × SEMT Pielstick/Kirloskar 18 PA6V 280 diesel engines (14,400 PS, 10,600 kW); 2 shafts |
Speed: | 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) |
Range: | 4,000 mi (6,400 km) at 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
Complement: | 134 including 14 officers |
Sensors and processing systems: |
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Electronic warfare & decoys: |
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Armament: |
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Aircraft carried: | 1 × HAL Dhruv or HAL Chetak |
Kora-class corvettes are 1,350-ton guided missile corvettes, in active service with the Indian Navy.[2] Four vessels were built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) and outfitted at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).
Design[edit]
The primary role of the Kora class is as surface combatants. They are armed with four quad-launchers for 3M-24 anti-ship missiles (Russian: Kh-35 Uran, NATO: SS-N-25 Switchblade).[3] The 3M-24E missile is guided by homing active radar and can carry 145 kg (320 lb) a warhead to a range of 130 km (81 mi) at Mach 0.9 speed. They are powered by two diesel engines.[4] A HAL Chetak or HAL Dhruv helicopter can operate from the vessel. They also have anti-air shoulder-launched missiles (Strela-2M (Nato code name: SA-N-5 Grail)).The Strela-2M has a range of 4.2 km (2.6 mi) and a speed of Mach 1.75. INS Kulish is equipped with two Igla surface-to-air missile launchers.
The corvettes are armed with a 76 mm (3.0 in) Ak-176 dual-purpose gun and two 30 mm (1.2 in) AK-630 CIWS. The Ak-176 can fire at the rate of 120 rounds-per-minute (RPM) to a range of 15.5 km (9.6 mi), while the AK-630 can fire 3,000RPM to a range of 2 km (1.2 mi). INS Kirch and INS Kulish are fitted with a 76 mm (3.0 in) Otobreda super rapid gun firing 120RPM.
The sensor suite includes a MR-352 Pozitiv-E (Cross Dome) air or surface search radar, Bharat 1245 navigation radar and BEL Rani navigation radar. The MR-352 radar can track targets within a range of 130 km (81 mi). Fire control is provided by Garpun-Bal and MR-123 radars. The Garpun-Bal radar combines active and passive channels and in the active target designation mode, it operates in X-band (I/J-band) and can handle up to 150 targets at ranges between 35 km (22 mi) - 45 km (28 mi), although it is possible to obtain ranges of more than 180 km (110 mi) in wave-guide propagation conditions.
The corvettes are fitted with the Ajanta P Mk II Electronic Support Measures system. There are four PK-10 chaff launchers and two towed torpedo decoys to deceive incoming anti-ship missiles and torpedoes. PK-10 is a 10 tube 120 mm (4.7 in) barrage chaff launcher that can fire 80 rounds at a time.
The Kora class is powered by two diesel engines driving two controllable pitch propellers through two shafts. Each engine is rated at 7,100 horsepower (5,300 kW). Four diesel alternators rated at 350kW are provided for power generation. The propulsion system provides a top speed of 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph), an average speed of 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) and a maximum range of 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi).
Each ship cost approximately ₹2.4 billion (US$35 million).
History[edit]
The Kora-class corvettes were designed by India's Naval design bureau under Project 25A, as a replacement for the Russian-designed Petya II-class corvettes of the Indian Navy. The first two were ordered in April 1990 and latter two in October 1994. The class was to be outfitted with the Trishul SAM, but following the cancellation of the Trishul project, a shoulder-launched SAM was adopted.
INS Kora undertook a goodwill visit to Singapore in mid-2001. The corvette participated in the Republic of Singapore Navy Day celebrations followed by the International Maritime Defence Exhibition (IMDEX) Asia 2001. The participation of INS Kora in the International Maritime Defence Exhibition was a showcase of the Indian shipbuilding industry and its indigenous efforts.
Export[edit]
In 2012, it was reported that Mauritius had ordered 2 vessels based on this class from the Garden Reach Shipbuilders.[5]
Ships of this class[edit]
Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Homeport | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
India | |||||||
Kora | P61 | GRSE | 10 January 1990 | 23 September 1992 | 10 August 1998[1] | Visakhapatnam | Active |
Kirch | P62 | 31 January 1990 | 28 September 1995 | 22 January 2001[1] | |||
Kulish | P63 | 4 October 1995 | 18 August 1997 | 20 August 2001[1] | Port Blair[6][7][8] | ||
Karmuk | P64 | 27 August 1997 | 6 April 2000 | 4 February 2004[1] | |||
Mauritius | |||||||
Barracuda | GRSE | 23 April 2012 | 2 August 2013[9] | 12 March 2015[10] | Active |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcdeCommodore Stephen Saunders, ed. (2005). 'India'. Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006 (108th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 321. ISBN0710626924.
- ^Indian Naval Ships-Corvettes-Khukri ClassArchived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'Project 25A Kora Class'. globalsecurity.org. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^'Kora (Type 25A) Class'. Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^'Surface Force: An Indian First'. Strategy Page. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^'Andaman islands get first missile Corvette'. India Today. PTI. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- ^'INS Kulish joins ANC'. The Echo of India. Port Blair. 21 December 2017.
- ^Roy, Sanjib Kumar (21 December 2017). 'INS KULISH arrives in Andaman and Nicobar Command'. Andaman Sheekha.
- ^Bipindra, N C (3 August 2013). 'India-made warship for Mauritius launched'. The New Indian Express.
- ^'State Visit of Indian PM: New OPV, the CGS Barracuda, commissioned'. Government of Mauritius. 16 March 2015.
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Class overview | |
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Name: | Ada class |
Builders: | Istanbul Naval Shipyard |
Operators: | Turkish Navy |
Subclasses: | Istanbul-class frigate |
Built: | 2005–2019 |
In service: | 2011–present |
Planned: | 8 |
Building: | 1 |
Completed: | 4 |
Active: | 4 |
Laid up: | 4 |
General characteristics | |
Type: | Patrol and anti-submarine warfare[1]Corvette→ |
Displacement: | 2,400 tonnes |
Length: | 99.56 m (326 ft 8 in) |
Beam: | 14.40 m (47 ft 3 in) |
Draft: | 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in) |
Installed power: |
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Propulsion: | 1 gas turbine, 2 diesels, 2 shafts |
Speed: |
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Range: | 3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
Endurance: |
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Boats & landing craft carried: | 2 x RHIB |
Complement: | 93 including aviation officers, with accommodation up to 106 |
Sensors and processing systems: |
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Electronic warfare & decoys: |
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Armament: |
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Aircraft carried: |
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Aviation facilities: | Capability of storing armaments, 20 tons of JP-5 aircraft fuel, aerial refueling (HIRF) and maintenance systems |
The Ada class is a class of corvettes, a part of MILGEM project, developed primarily for the Turkish Navy. All four Ada-class corvettes have already been commissioned by the Turkish Navy and more are scheduled to enter into service in due course.
Development[edit]
The design objective of the Ada class was to build a modern littoral combat ship with indigenous anti-submarine warfare and high-seas patrol capabilities, extensively using the principles of stealth technology in its design.[1]
According to the Ada class acquisition model, Turkey's Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) signed R&D contracts mostly for the two prototype ships which are considered to be development platforms for testing the design and integrated systems. Thus, being an open-end project, the 1st and 2nd ships of the class were expected to be slightly different in terms of vessel design and system configuration. The subsequent ships, expected to be built by private shipyards, would have a more optimized design and configuration.[4].
In September 2013, however, the then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that the Ada class was to be temporarily put on hold after the completion of the first two corvettes by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard and that the bid won by RMK Marine to build six more corvettes was cancelled. This was reportedly because the other shipbuilders complained about the bidding process. He added that a new bidding process would take place.[5]
The first four ships of the class, TCG Heybeliada, TCG Büyükada , TCG Burgazada and TCG Kınalıada were built by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command. The construction works of the first Ada-class corvette Heybeliada, began on July 26, 2005. TCG Heybeliada was launched with a ceremony on September 27, 2008, that was attended by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey. On November 2, 2010, Heybeliada started undergoing sea acceptance trials before being officially commissioned.[6][7]Heybeliada entered navy service on 27 September 2011.[8] The cost of the Heybeliada was around US$260 million.[9]
The production of the second ship of the class, TCG Büyükada, commenced on September 27, 2008. Büyükada was expected to incorporate weapon systems with distinctive performances, such as the ASELSAN air-search radar. Büyükada was launched on September 27, 2011 and undergone sea acceptance trials before it was officially commissioned on September 27, 2013. The construction of TCG Burgazada commenced on December 17, 2014. The ship was launched in June 2016 and commissioned on 4 November 2018.[10] Turkish Naval Forces Command (TNFC) received its fourth and last Ada-class (Milgem) anti-submarine warfare corvette, TCG Kinaliada (F 514), on 29 September 2019 at a commissioning ceremony held at Istanbul Naval Shipyard.[11]
Design[edit]
The ships are driven by a RENKCODAG Cross Connect propulsion plant. It consists of a gas turbine rated at 23,000 kilowatts (31,000 hp) and two diesel engines rated at 4,320 kW (5,790 hp). Each diesel engine drives one controllable pitch propeller via a two speed main reduction gear. The cross connect gear splits the power from the gas turbine via both main reduction gears to the two shafts. The ship can be operated in Diesel mode, in single gas turbine mode or in CODAG mode where diesel and gas turbine are providing a combined power of 27,640 kW (37,070 hp).
![Berka Class Corvette Berka Class Corvette](/uploads/1/2/4/8/124830242/857561130.jpg)
The design concept and mission profile of the Ada-class corvette bears similarities with the Freedom-classlittoral combat ship developed by Lockheed Martin as the first member of the next generation of U.S. Navy warships; though the Ada-class corvettes are more heavily armed and are equipped with more capable radar and sonar systems, while the Freedom class has a higher speed and variable mission modules.[12]
GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi, i.e. Ship Integrated Combat Management System), a network-centric combat management system developed by Havelsan and originally used in the upgraded G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy, was contracted for the first two Ada-class corvettes on May 23, 2007.[13][14] The MİLGEM project warships have an indigenous hull mounted sonar developed by the Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of Turkey.[15] Sonar dome has been developed and produced by STM's subcontractor ONUK-BG Defence Systems, extensively employing nano-enhanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer.[16] The Ada class features a electronic chart precise integrated navigation system (ECPINS) supplied by OSI Geospatial.[17]Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), delivered by STM's subcontractor Yaltes JV, monitors and controls machinery, auxiliary systems, electrical power generation and distribution. The main systems integrated in IPMS include a power management system, fire detection system, fire fighting and damage control system, CCTV system and stability control system.[18]
Naming[edit]
The ada means island in Turkish, as each individual ship of the class is given the name of a Turkish island, in particular the Prince Islands in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Istanbul. The lead ship of the class, TCG Heybeliada is named after Heybeliada Island, where the Turkish Naval High School is located.
Ships in the class[edit]
Pennant no. | Name | Namesake | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-511 | Heybeliada | Heybeliada | Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command | 26 July 2005 | 27 September 2008 | 27 September 2011 | On active duty with the Turkish Navy |
F-512 | Büyükada | Büyükada | Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command | 27 September 2008 | 27 September 2011 | 27 September 2013 | On active duty with the Turkish Navy |
F-513 | Burgazada | Burgazada | Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command | 17 December 2014 | 21 June 2016 | 4 November 2018 | On active duty with the Turkish Navy |
F-514 | Kınalıada | Kinaliada | Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command | 8 October 2015[19] | 3 July 2017 | 29 September 2019 | On active duty with the Turkish Navy |
Export[edit]
On 5 July 2018, Pakistani military's ISPR announced that a Turkish firm has won the tender to build four MILGEM corvettes for the Pakistan Navy. Turkish defence minister, Nurettin Canikli, described the deal as “the largest defense export of Turkey in one agreement.”[20]By September 2018, some details have emerged that corvettes for Pakistan Navy will have CODAD propulsion system instead of CODAG, thus increasing the sea endurance from 10 to 15 days. Further, the first vessel is planned to be constructed in 54 months and the remaining vessels will be constructed in 60, 66 and 72 months, respectively.[21] During IDEAS 2018, Pakistan Navy officials stated that, under the agreement, the fourth ship will be entirely designed and constructed in Pakistan which will become first Jinnah-class frigate. This strengthens the idea that the fourth ship will spur a new line of frigates.[22] Coinciding with the commissioning ceremony of TCG Kınalıada attended by Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, steel cutting ceremony for the first MILGEM ship for the Pakistan Navy was also held there on September 29, 2019.[23]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abPatrol and Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship (MILGEM- Milli Gemi – National Ship) Project, SSM, Turkey
- ^Turkish Navy purchases Thales sensors[permanent dead link], Thales Netherlands, 19 December 2007
- ^ARES-2N (Turkey), Naval Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), electronic support and threat-warning systems, Jane's Radar And Electronic Warfare Systems, 3 February 2011
- ^Acquisition of Design Services and Platform Construction and Outfitting Equipment for MILGEM Project Prototype Ship and Second Ship, SSM, Turkey, Retrieved 6 December 2010
- ^'Koç'un aldığı o ihale yenilenecek'. Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
- ^(in Turkish)Newsletter about TCG Heybeliada, Turkish Navy, 12 November 2010
- ^First Turkish MILGEM begins sea trials, Richard Scott, IHS Jane's, 22 November 2010
- ^(in Turkish)Newsletter about TCG Heybeliada, Turkish Navy, 27 September 2011
- ^Turkiyenin urettigi ilk savas gemisi Heybeliada seyirde, Umit Kozan, 12 November 2010
- ^https://navaltoday.com/2018/11/05/turkish-navy-commissions-third-milgem-corvette-tcg-burgazada/
- ^https://www.janes.com/article/91620/turkish-navy-receives-fourth-and-last-milgem-corvette
- ^Milgem Class Multimission Corvettes, Turkey, Naval Technology, Retrieved 6 December 2010
- ^MILGEM Project, GENESIS Combat Management SystemArchived 2009-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Havelsan, Retrieved 6 December 2010
- ^Havelsan advances MILGEM integration, Jane's IDEX 2011 exhibition news, Retrieved 25 February 2011
- ^Indigenous Sonar Wet-End System Production and Integration Project, SSM, Turkey
- ^MİLGEM Corvette Sonar DomeArchived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, Onuk-BG Defence Systems, Turkey
- ^OSI Geospatial Selected by the Turkish Navy to Provide W-ECPINS for the MILGEM Corvette New Build ProgramArchived 2012-03-15 at the Wayback Machine, OSI Geospatial News Release, 4 June 2009
- ^YALTES MILGEM IPMS Project, Yaltes JV, Retrieved 6 December 2010
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2017-01-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'Turkish Firm Wins Tender to Build Four Corvettes for Pakistan Navy'. www.defenseworld.net. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
- ^'T129 ATAK Helicopters and ADA Class Corvettes Sale to Pakistan'. www.defenceturkey.com. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ^'IDEAS 2018: PAKISTAN NAVY MILGEM CORVETTE'. Quwa.org. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^'Ship enters navy, Pak-bound ship being built'. Anadolu Agency. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
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